What formula explains the health of the mammalian cell and the mammalian organism? My view is the following.
Wealth plus Wages minus Expense.
Health plus BDNF (a bio marker of cell and organism plasticity produced in brain and blood vessels) minus Inflammasome activity.
How can one reduce the cost and inflammation of living and aging? The study below illustrates a tactic based on the above strategy.
This study, and others, show that increasing ppar gamma reduces the inflammasome resulting in more health and greater resilience. In this study less depression resulting from chronic mild stress. Depression could be substituted for cognitive impairment, dementia, diabetes, hypertension or atherosclerosis if they share a common cause or cellular innate inflammation, activation of the inflammasome consisting of NLRP3, interleukin 1 beta and Caspase.
Ppar gamma activity inhibits 2 of 3 components of the inflammasome, NLRP3 and interleukin-1b which reduces pyroptosis and apoptosis - cell on fire and cell death! In effect, ppar gamma shifts cells to be free of inflammation and to have abundant energy needed to remain young and resilient.
Ursolic acid and now Apigenin have been proved to drive ppar gamma and promote youthful resilient cells. This would be helpful for age related degenerative disease, autoimmune diseases and substance related neuroinflammation damage.
A simple experiment would be Ursolic acid 200 mgs (Amazon/Labrada) three times daily for 8 weeks and measuring targets of metabolic syndrome; blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting insulin, glucose, high sensitivity CRP,Homo-IR, waistline change, mini mental exam, depression questionnaire, 6 minute walk/run distance, VO2 max, exercise to exhaustion , HgbA1c, BDNF or heart rate variability index.
Apigenin ameliorates chronic mild stress-induced depressive behavior by inhibiting interleukin-1β production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the rat brain — ScienceDirect
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Apigenin, a type of bioflavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, has a number of biological actions including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although apigenin has potential antidepressant activity, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. The present study aims to investigate the effects of apigenin on behavioral changes and inflammatory responses induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats. GW9662, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor, was administered 30 min before apigenin. We found that treatment with apigenin (20 mg/kg, intragastrically) for three weeks remarkably ameliorated CUMS-induced behavioral abnormalities, such as decreased locomotor activity and reduced sucrose consumption. In response to oxidative stress, the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated and IL-1β secretion increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of CUMS rats. However, apigenin treatment upregulated PPARγ expression and downregulated the expression of NLRP3, which subsequently downregulated the production of IL-1β. In addition, GW9662 diminished the inhibitory effects of apigenin on the NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that apigenin exhibits antidepressant-like effects in CUMS rats, possibly by inhibiting IL-1β production and NLRP3 inflammasome expression via the up-regulation of PPARγ expression.
Joseph Thomas (Tony) Liverman,
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